revm_database/states/

state.rs

use crate::states::block_hash_cache::BlockHashCache;

use super::{
    bundle_state::BundleRetention, cache::CacheState, plain_account::PlainStorage, BundleState,
    CacheAccount, StateBuilder, TransitionAccount, TransitionState,
};
use bytecode::Bytecode;
use database_interface::{
    bal::{BalState, EvmDatabaseError},
    Database, DatabaseCommit, DatabaseRef, EmptyDB, OnStateHook,
};
use primitives::{hash_map, Address, AddressMap, HashMap, StorageKey, StorageValue, B256};
use state::{
    bal::{alloy::AlloyBal, Bal, BlockAccessIndex},
    Account, AccountId, AccountInfo, EvmStorage,
};
use std::{borrow::Cow, boxed::Box, sync::Arc};

/// Database boxed with a lifetime and Send
pub type DBBox<'a, E> = Box<dyn Database<Error = E> + Send + 'a>;

/// More constrained version of State that uses Boxed database with a lifetime
///
/// This is used to make it easier to use State.
pub type StateDBBox<'a, E> = State<DBBox<'a, E>>;

/// State of blockchain
///
/// State clear flag is handled by the EVM journal in `finalize()` based on
/// the spec. The database layer always applies post-EIP-161 commit semantics.
#[derive(derive_more::Debug)]
pub struct State<DB> {
    /// Cached state contains both changed from evm execution and cached/loaded account/storages
    /// from database
    ///
    /// This allows us to have only one layer of cache where we can fetch data.
    ///
    /// Additionally, we can introduce some preloading of data from database.
    pub cache: CacheState,
    /// Optional database that we use to fetch data from
    ///
    /// If database is not present, we will return not existing account and storage.
    ///
    /// **Note**: It is marked as Send so database can be shared between threads.
    pub database: DB,
    /// Block state, it aggregates transactions transitions into one state
    ///
    /// Build reverts and state that gets applied to the state.
    pub transition_state: Option<TransitionState>,
    /// After block finishes we merge those changes inside bundle
    ///
    /// Bundle is used to update database and create changesets.
    ///
    /// Bundle state can be set on initialization if we want to use preloaded bundle.
    pub bundle_state: BundleState,
    /// Additional layer that is going to be used to fetch values before fetching values
    /// from database
    ///
    /// Bundle is the main output of the state execution and this allows setting previous bundle
    /// and using its values for execution.
    pub use_preloaded_bundle: bool,
    /// If EVM asks for block hash, we will first check if they are found here,
    /// then ask the database
    ///
    /// This map can be used to give different values for block hashes if in case.
    ///
    /// The fork block is different or some blocks are not saved inside database.
    pub block_hashes: BlockHashCache,
    /// BAL state.
    ///
    /// Can contain both the BAL for reads and BAL builder that is used to build BAL.
    pub bal_state: BalState,
    /// Hook invoked whenever state changes are committed.
    #[debug(skip)]
    pub state_hook: Option<Box<dyn OnStateHook>>,
}

// Have ability to call State::builder without having to specify the type.
impl State<EmptyDB> {
    /// Return the builder that build the State.
    pub fn builder() -> StateBuilder<EmptyDB> {
        StateBuilder::default()
    }
}

impl<DB: Database> State<DB> {
    /// Returns the size hint for the inner bundle state.
    ///
    /// See [BundleState::size_hint] for more info.
    pub fn bundle_size_hint(&self) -> usize {
        self.bundle_state.size_hint()
    }

    /// Inserts a non-existing account into the state.
    pub fn insert_not_existing(&mut self, address: Address) {
        self.cache.insert_not_existing(address)
    }

    /// Inserts an account into the state.
    pub fn insert_account(&mut self, address: Address, info: AccountInfo) {
        self.cache.insert_account(address, info)
    }

    /// Inserts an account with storage into the state.
    pub fn insert_account_with_storage(
        &mut self,
        address: Address,
        info: AccountInfo,
        storage: PlainStorage,
    ) {
        self.cache
            .insert_account_with_storage(address, info, storage)
    }

    /// Applies evm transitions to transition state.
    pub fn apply_transition<'a>(
        &mut self,
        transitions: impl IntoIterator<Item = (Address, TransitionAccount<Option<Cow<'a, EvmStorage>>>)>,
    ) {
        // Add transition to transition state.
        if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
            s.add_transitions(transitions)
        }
    }

    /// Take all transitions and merge them inside bundle state.
    ///
    /// This action will create final post state and all reverts so that
    /// we at any time revert state of bundle to the state before transition
    /// is applied.
    pub fn merge_transitions(&mut self, retention: BundleRetention) {
        if let Some(transition_state) = self.transition_state.as_mut().map(TransitionState::take) {
            self.bundle_state
                .apply_transitions_and_create_reverts(transition_state, retention);
        }
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the [`CacheAccount`] for the given address.
    ///
    /// If the account is not found in the cache, it will be loaded from the
    /// database and inserted into the cache.
    pub fn load_cache_account(&mut self, address: Address) -> Result<&mut CacheAccount, DB::Error> {
        Self::load_cache_account_with(
            &mut self.cache,
            self.use_preloaded_bundle,
            &self.bundle_state,
            &mut self.database,
            address,
        )
    }

    /// Get a mutable reference to the [`CacheAccount`] for the given address.
    ///
    /// If the account is not found in the cache, it will be loaded from the
    /// database and inserted into the cache.
    ///
    /// This function accepts destructed fields of [`Self`] as arguments and
    /// returns a cached account with the lifetime of the provided cache reference.
    fn load_cache_account_with<'a>(
        cache: &'a mut CacheState,
        use_preloaded_bundle: bool,
        bundle_state: &BundleState,
        database: &mut DB,
        address: Address,
    ) -> Result<&'a mut CacheAccount, DB::Error> {
        Ok(match cache.accounts.entry(address) {
            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                if use_preloaded_bundle {
                    // Load account from bundle state
                    if let Some(account) = bundle_state.account(&address).map(Into::into) {
                        return Ok(entry.insert(account));
                    }
                }
                // If not found in bundle, load it from database
                let info = database.basic(address)?;
                let account = match info {
                    None => CacheAccount::new_loaded_not_existing(),
                    Some(acc) if acc.is_empty() => {
                        CacheAccount::new_loaded_empty_eip161(HashMap::default())
                    }
                    Some(acc) => CacheAccount::new_loaded(acc, HashMap::default()),
                };
                entry.insert(account)
            }
            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => entry.into_mut(),
        })
    }

    // TODO : Make cache aware of transitions dropping by having global transition counter.
    /// Takes the [`BundleState`] changeset from the [`State`], replacing it
    /// with an empty one.
    ///
    /// This will not apply any pending [`TransitionState`].
    ///
    /// It is recommended to call [`State::merge_transitions`] before taking the bundle.
    ///
    /// If the `State` has been built with the
    /// [`StateBuilder::with_bundle_prestate`] option, the pre-state will be
    /// taken along with any changes made by [`State::merge_transitions`].
    pub fn take_bundle(&mut self) -> BundleState {
        core::mem::take(&mut self.bundle_state)
    }

    /// Takes build bal from bal state.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn take_built_bal(&mut self) -> Option<Bal> {
        self.bal_state.take_built_bal()
    }

    /// Takes built alloy bal from bal state.
    #[inline]
    pub fn take_built_alloy_bal(&mut self) -> Option<AlloyBal> {
        self.bal_state.take_built_alloy_bal()
    }

    /// Bump BAL index.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn bump_bal_index(&mut self) {
        self.bal_state.bump_bal_index();
    }

    /// Set BAL index.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn set_bal_index(&mut self, index: BlockAccessIndex) {
        self.bal_state.bal_index = index;
    }

    /// Reset BAL index.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn reset_bal_index(&mut self) {
        self.bal_state.reset_bal_index();
    }

    /// Set BAL.
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_bal(&mut self, bal: Option<Arc<Bal>>) {
        self.bal_state.bal = bal;
    }

    /// Set whether reads not covered by the BAL fall back to the underlying database.
    ///
    /// See [`BalState::allow_db_fallback`](database_interface::bal::BalState).
    #[inline]
    pub const fn set_allow_bal_db_fallback(&mut self, allow: bool) {
        self.bal_state.allow_db_fallback = allow;
    }

    /// Sets the hook invoked whenever state changes are committed.
    #[inline]
    pub fn set_state_hook(&mut self, hook: Option<Box<dyn OnStateHook>>) {
        self.state_hook = hook;
    }

    /// Sets the hook invoked whenever state changes are committed.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_state_hook(mut self, hook: Option<Box<dyn OnStateHook>>) -> Self {
        self.set_state_hook(hook);
        self
    }

    /// Returns whether the state has a BAL configured.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn has_bal(&self) -> bool {
        self.bal_state.bal.is_some()
    }

    /// Gets storage value of address at index.
    #[inline]
    fn storage(&mut self, address: Address, index: StorageKey) -> Result<StorageValue, DB::Error> {
        // If account is not found in cache, it will be loaded from database.
        let account = Self::load_cache_account_with(
            &mut self.cache,
            self.use_preloaded_bundle,
            &self.bundle_state,
            &mut self.database,
            address,
        )?;

        // Account will always be some, but if it is not, StorageValue::ZERO will be returned.
        let is_storage_known = account.status.is_storage_known();
        Ok(account
            .account
            .as_mut()
            .map(|account| match account.storage.entry(index) {
                hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(*entry.get()),
                hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                    // If account was destroyed or account is newly built
                    // we return zero and don't ask database.
                    let value = if is_storage_known {
                        StorageValue::ZERO
                    } else {
                        self.database.storage(address, index)?
                    };
                    entry.insert(value);
                    Ok(value)
                }
            })
            .transpose()?
            .unwrap_or_default())
    }
}

impl<DB: Database> Database for State<DB> {
    type Error = EvmDatabaseError<DB::Error>;

    fn basic(&mut self, address: Address) -> Result<Option<AccountInfo>, Self::Error> {
        // if bal is existing but account is not found, error will be returned.
        let account_id = self
            .bal_state
            .get_account_id(&address)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Bal)?;

        let mut basic = self
            .load_cache_account(address)
            .map(|a| a.account_info())
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)?;
        // will populate account code if there was a bal change to it. If there is no change
        // it will be fetched in code_by_hash.
        if let Some(account_id) = account_id {
            self.bal_state
                .basic_by_account_id(account_id, &mut basic)
                .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Bal)?;
        }
        Ok(basic)
    }

    fn code_by_hash(&mut self, code_hash: B256) -> Result<Bytecode, Self::Error> {
        let res = match self.cache.contracts.entry(code_hash) {
            hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(entry.get().clone()),
            hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                if self.use_preloaded_bundle {
                    if let Some(code) = self.bundle_state.contracts.get(&code_hash) {
                        entry.insert(code.clone());
                        return Ok(code.clone());
                    }
                }
                // If not found in bundle ask database
                let code = self
                    .database
                    .code_by_hash(code_hash)
                    .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)?;
                entry.insert(code.clone());
                Ok(code)
            }
        };
        res
    }

    fn storage(
        &mut self,
        address: Address,
        index: StorageKey,
    ) -> Result<StorageValue, Self::Error> {
        if let Some(storage) = self
            .bal_state
            .storage(&address, index)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Bal)?
        {
            // return bal value if it is found
            return Ok(storage);
        }
        self.storage(address, index)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)
    }

    fn storage_by_account_id(
        &mut self,
        address: Address,
        account_id: AccountId,
        key: StorageKey,
    ) -> Result<StorageValue, Self::Error> {
        if let Some(storage) = self.bal_state.storage_by_account_id(account_id, key)? {
            return Ok(storage);
        }

        self.storage(address, key)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)
    }

    fn block_hash(&mut self, number: u64) -> Result<B256, Self::Error> {
        // Check cache first
        if let Some(hash) = self.block_hashes.get(number) {
            return Ok(hash);
        }

        // Not in cache, fetch from database
        let hash = self
            .database
            .block_hash(number)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)?;

        // Insert into cache
        self.block_hashes.insert(number, hash);

        Ok(hash)
    }
}

impl<DB: Database> DatabaseCommit for State<DB> {
    fn commit(&mut self, changes: AddressMap<Account>) {
        self.bal_state.commit(&changes);

        if let Some(hook) = self.state_hook.as_mut() {
            let transitions = self.cache.apply_evm_state_iter(
                changes
                    .iter()
                    .map(|(address, account)| (*address, Cow::Borrowed(account))),
                |_, _| {},
            );

            if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
                s.add_transitions(transitions)
            } else {
                // Advance the iter to apply all state updates.
                transitions.for_each(|_| {});
            }

            hook.on_state(changes);
        } else {
            let transitions = self.cache.apply_evm_state_iter(
                changes
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(|(address, account)| (address, Cow::Owned(account))),
                |_, _| {},
            );

            if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
                s.add_transitions(transitions)
            } else {
                // Advance the iter to apply all state updates.
                transitions.for_each(|_| {});
            }
        }
    }

    fn commit_iter(&mut self, changes: &mut dyn Iterator<Item = (Address, Account)>) {
        if self.state_hook.is_some() {
            let changes = changes.collect::<AddressMap<_>>();
            self.commit(changes);
            return;
        }

        if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
            for (address, account) in changes {
                self.bal_state.commit_one(address, &account);
                if let Some(transition) =
                    self.cache.apply_account_state(address, Cow::Owned(account))
                {
                    s.add_transition(address, transition);
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (address, account) in changes {
                self.bal_state.commit_one(address, &account);
                _ = self.cache.apply_account_state(address, Cow::Owned(account));
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<DB: DatabaseRef> DatabaseRef for State<DB> {
    type Error = EvmDatabaseError<DB::Error>;

    fn basic_ref(&self, address: Address) -> Result<Option<AccountInfo>, Self::Error> {
        // if bal is present and account is not found, error will be returned.
        let account_id = self.bal_state.get_account_id(&address)?;

        // Account is already in cache
        let mut loaded_account = None;
        if let Some(account) = self.cache.accounts.get(&address) {
            loaded_account = Some(account.account_info());
        };

        // If bundle state is used, check if account is in bundle state
        if self.use_preloaded_bundle && loaded_account.is_none() {
            if let Some(account) = self.bundle_state.account(&address) {
                loaded_account = Some(account.account_info());
            }
        }

        // If not found, load it from database
        if loaded_account.is_none() {
            loaded_account = Some(
                self.database
                    .basic_ref(address)
                    .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)?,
            );
        }

        // safe to unwrap as it in some in condition above
        let mut account = loaded_account.unwrap();

        // if it is inside bal, overwrite the account with the bal changes.
        if let Some(account_id) = account_id {
            self.bal_state
                .basic_by_account_id(account_id, &mut account)
                .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Bal)?;
        }
        Ok(account)
    }

    fn code_by_hash_ref(&self, code_hash: B256) -> Result<Bytecode, Self::Error> {
        // Check if code is in cache
        if let Some(code) = self.cache.contracts.get(&code_hash) {
            return Ok(code.clone());
        }
        // If bundle state is used, check if code is in bundle state
        if self.use_preloaded_bundle {
            if let Some(code) = self.bundle_state.contracts.get(&code_hash) {
                return Ok(code.clone());
            }
        }
        // If not found, load it from database
        self.database
            .code_by_hash_ref(code_hash)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)
    }

    fn storage_ref(
        &self,
        address: Address,
        index: StorageKey,
    ) -> Result<StorageValue, Self::Error> {
        // if bal has storage value, return it
        if let Some(storage) = self.bal_state.storage(&address, index)? {
            return Ok(storage);
        }

        // Check if account is in cache, the account is not guaranteed to be loaded
        if let Some(account) = self.cache.accounts.get(&address) {
            if let Some(plain_account) = &account.account {
                // If storage is known, we can return it
                if let Some(storage_value) = plain_account.storage.get(&index) {
                    return Ok(*storage_value);
                }
                // If account was destroyed or account is newly built
                // we return zero and don't ask database.
                if account.status.is_storage_known() {
                    return Ok(StorageValue::ZERO);
                }
            }
        }

        // If not found, load it from database
        self.database
            .storage_ref(address, index)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)
    }

    fn block_hash_ref(&self, number: u64) -> Result<B256, Self::Error> {
        if let Some(hash) = self.block_hashes.get(number) {
            return Ok(hash);
        }
        // If not found, load it from database
        self.database
            .block_hash_ref(number)
            .map_err(EvmDatabaseError::Database)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::{
        states::{reverts::AccountInfoRevert, StorageSlot},
        AccountRevert, AccountStatus, BundleAccount, RevertToSlot,
    };
    use primitives::{keccak256, Bytes, BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY, U256};
    use state::{EvmStorageSlot, TransactionId};

    fn evm_storage<const N: usize>(
        slots: [(StorageKey, EvmStorageSlot); N],
    ) -> Option<Cow<'static, EvmStorage>> {
        Some(Cow::Owned(HashMap::from_iter(slots)))
    }

    #[test]
    fn has_bal_helper() {
        let state = State::builder().build();
        assert!(!state.has_bal());

        let state = State::builder().with_bal(Arc::new(Bal::new())).build();
        assert!(state.has_bal());
    }

    #[test]
    fn block_hash_cache() {
        let mut state = State::builder().build();
        state.block_hash(1u64).unwrap();
        state.block_hash(2u64).unwrap();

        let test_number = BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY + 2;

        let block1_hash = keccak256(U256::from(1).to_string().as_bytes());
        let block2_hash = keccak256(U256::from(2).to_string().as_bytes());
        let block_test_hash = keccak256(U256::from(test_number).to_string().as_bytes());

        // Verify blocks 1 and 2 are in cache
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(1), Some(block1_hash));
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(2), Some(block2_hash));

        // Fetch block beyond BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY
        // Block 258 % 256 = 2, so it will overwrite block 2
        state.block_hash(test_number).unwrap();

        // Block 2 should be evicted (wrapped around), but block 1 should still be present
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(1), Some(block1_hash));
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(2), None);
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(test_number), Some(block_test_hash));
    }

    /// Test that block 0 can be correctly fetched and cached.
    /// This is a regression test for a bug where the cache was initialized with
    /// `(0, B256::ZERO)` entries, causing block 0 lookups to incorrectly match
    /// the default entry instead of fetching from the database.
    #[test]
    fn block_hash_cache_block_zero() {
        let mut state = State::builder().build();

        // Block 0 should not be in cache initially
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(0), None);

        // Fetch block 0 - this should go to database and cache the result
        let block0_hash = state.block_hash(0u64).unwrap();

        // EmptyDB returns keccak256("0") for block 0
        let expected_hash = keccak256(U256::from(0).to_string().as_bytes());
        assert_eq!(block0_hash, expected_hash);

        // Block 0 should now be in cache with correct value
        assert_eq!(state.block_hashes.get(0), Some(expected_hash));
    }

    #[test]
    fn created_contract_code_is_available_before_transition_merge() {
        let bytecode = Bytecode::new_raw(Bytes::from_static(&[0x00]));
        let code_hash = bytecode.hash_slow();
        let account = Account::default()
            .with_info(AccountInfo::default().with_code(bytecode.clone()))
            .with_touched_mark()
            .with_created_mark();
        let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();

        state.commit(HashMap::from_iter([(Address::ZERO, account)]));

        assert_eq!(state.code_by_hash(code_hash).unwrap(), bytecode);
    }

    /// Checks that if accounts is touched multiple times in the same block,
    /// then the old values from the first change are preserved and not overwritten.
    ///
    /// This is important because the state transitions from different transactions in the same block may see
    /// different states of the same account as the old value, but the revert should reflect the
    /// state of the account before the block.
    #[test]
    fn reverts_preserve_old_values() {
        let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();

        let (slot1, slot2, slot3) = (
            StorageKey::from(1),
            StorageKey::from(2),
            StorageKey::from(3),
        );

        // Non-existing account for testing account state transitions.
        // [LoadedNotExisting] -> [Changed] (nonce: 1, balance: 1) -> [Changed] (nonce: 2) -> [Changed] (nonce: 3)
        let new_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
        let new_account_created_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            balance: U256::from(1),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let new_account_changed_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 2,
            ..new_account_created_info.clone()
        };
        let new_account_changed_info2 = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 3,
            ..new_account_changed_info.clone()
        };

        // Existing account for testing storage state transitions.
        let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x2; 20]);
        let existing_account_initial_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let existing_account_initial_storage = HashMap::<StorageKey, StorageValue>::from_iter([
            (slot1, StorageValue::from(100)), // 0x01 => 100
            (slot2, StorageValue::from(200)), // 0x02 => 200
        ]);
        let existing_account_changed_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 2,
            ..existing_account_initial_info.clone()
        };

        // A transaction in block 1 creates one account and changes an existing one.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
            (
                new_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
                    previous_info: None,
                    storage: None,
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
                    storage: evm_storage([(
                        slot1,
                        EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                            *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap(),
                            StorageValue::from(1000),
                            TransactionId::ZERO,
                        ),
                    )]),
                    storage_was_destroyed: false,
                },
            ),
        ]));

        // A transaction in block 1 then changes the same account.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
            new_account_address,
            TransitionAccount {
                status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                info: Some(new_account_changed_info.clone()),
                previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                previous_info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
                ..Default::default()
            },
        )]));

        // Another transaction in block 1 then changes the newly created account yet again and modifies the storage in an existing one.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
            (
                new_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    info: Some(new_account_changed_info2.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    previous_info: Some(new_account_changed_info),
                    storage: evm_storage([(
                        slot1,
                        EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                            StorageValue::ZERO,
                            StorageValue::from(1),
                            TransactionId::ZERO,
                        ),
                    )]),
                    storage_was_destroyed: false,
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
                    storage: evm_storage([
                        (
                            slot1,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::from(100),
                                StorageValue::from(1_000),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                        (
                            slot2,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap(),
                                StorageValue::from(2_000),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                        // Create new slot
                        (
                            slot3,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::ZERO,
                                StorageValue::from(3_000),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                    ]),
                    storage_was_destroyed: false,
                },
            ),
        ]));

        state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
        let mut bundle_state = state.take_bundle();

        // The new account revert should be `DeleteIt` since this was an account creation.
        // The existing account revert should be reverted to its previous state.
        bundle_state.reverts.sort();
        assert_eq!(
            bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(),
            Vec::from([Vec::from([
                (
                    new_account_address,
                    AccountRevert {
                        account: AccountInfoRevert::DeleteIt,
                        previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
                        storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
                            slot1,
                            RevertToSlot::Some(StorageValue::ZERO)
                        )]),
                        wipe_storage: false,
                    }
                ),
                (
                    existing_account_address,
                    AccountRevert {
                        account: AccountInfoRevert::RevertTo(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
                        previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                        storage: HashMap::from_iter([
                            (
                                slot1,
                                RevertToSlot::Some(
                                    *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap()
                                )
                            ),
                            (
                                slot2,
                                RevertToSlot::Some(
                                    *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap()
                                )
                            ),
                            (slot3, RevertToSlot::Some(StorageValue::ZERO))
                        ]),
                        wipe_storage: false,
                    }
                ),
            ])]),
            "The account or storage reverts are incorrect"
        );

        // The latest state of the new account should be: nonce = 3, balance = 1, code & code hash = None.
        // Storage: 0x01 = 1.
        assert_eq!(
            bundle_state.account(&new_account_address),
            Some(&BundleAccount {
                info: Some(new_account_changed_info2),
                original_info: None,
                status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
                    slot1,
                    StorageSlot::new_changed(StorageValue::ZERO, StorageValue::from(1))
                )]),
            }),
            "The latest state of the new account is incorrect"
        );

        // The latest state of the existing account should be: nonce = 2.
        // Storage: 0x01 = 1000, 0x02 = 2000, 0x03 = 3000.
        assert_eq!(
            bundle_state.account(&existing_account_address),
            Some(&BundleAccount {
                info: Some(existing_account_changed_info),
                original_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info),
                status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                storage: HashMap::from_iter([
                    (
                        slot1,
                        StorageSlot::new_changed(
                            *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap(),
                            StorageValue::from(1_000)
                        )
                    ),
                    (
                        slot2,
                        StorageSlot::new_changed(
                            *existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap(),
                            StorageValue::from(2_000)
                        )
                    ),
                    // Create new slot
                    (
                        slot3,
                        StorageSlot::new_changed(StorageValue::ZERO, StorageValue::from(3_000))
                    ),
                ]),
            }),
            "The latest state of the existing account is incorrect"
        );
    }

    /// Checks that the accounts and storages that are changed within the
    /// block and reverted to their previous state do not appear in the reverts.
    #[test]
    fn bundle_scoped_reverts_collapse() {
        let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();

        // Non-existing account.
        let new_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
        let new_account_created_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            balance: U256::from(1),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        // Existing account.
        let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x2; 20]);
        let existing_account_initial_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let existing_account_updated_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            balance: U256::from(1),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        // Existing account with storage.
        let (slot1, slot2) = (StorageKey::from(1), StorageKey::from(2));
        let existing_account_with_storage_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x3; 20]);
        let existing_account_with_storage_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        // A transaction in block 1 creates a new account.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
            (
                new_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
                    previous_info: None,
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    info: Some(existing_account_updated_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_with_storage_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
                    storage: evm_storage([
                        (
                            slot1,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::from(1),
                                StorageValue::from(10),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                        (
                            slot2,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::ZERO,
                                StorageValue::from(20),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                    ]),
                    storage_was_destroyed: false,
                },
            ),
        ]));

        // Another transaction in block 1 destroys new account.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
            (
                new_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
                    info: None,
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
                    previous_info: Some(new_account_created_info),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    info: Some(existing_account_initial_info),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_updated_info),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
            ),
            (
                existing_account_with_storage_address,
                TransitionAccount {
                    status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Changed,
                    previous_info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
                    storage: evm_storage([
                        (
                            slot1,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::from(10),
                                StorageValue::from(1),
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                        (
                            slot2,
                            EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                                StorageValue::from(20),
                                StorageValue::ZERO,
                                TransactionId::ZERO,
                            ),
                        ),
                    ]),
                    storage_was_destroyed: false,
                },
            ),
        ]));

        state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);

        let mut bundle_state = state.take_bundle();
        bundle_state.reverts.sort();

        // both account info and storage are left as before transitions,
        // therefore there is nothing to revert
        assert_eq!(bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(), Vec::from([Vec::from([])]));
    }

    /// Checks that the behavior of selfdestruct within the block is correct.
    #[test]
    fn selfdestruct_state_and_reverts() {
        let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();

        // Existing account.
        let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
        let existing_account_info = AccountInfo {
            nonce: 1,
            ..Default::default()
        };

        let (slot1, slot2) = (StorageKey::from(1), StorageKey::from(2));

        // Existing account is destroyed.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
            existing_account_address,
            TransitionAccount {
                status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
                info: None,
                previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                previous_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                storage: Some(Cow::Owned(HashMap::default())),
                storage_was_destroyed: true,
            },
        )]));

        // Existing account is re-created and slot 0x01 is changed.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
            existing_account_address,
            TransitionAccount {
                status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
                info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                previous_status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
                previous_info: None,
                storage: evm_storage([(
                    slot1,
                    EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                        StorageValue::ZERO,
                        StorageValue::from(1),
                        TransactionId::ZERO,
                    ),
                )]),
                storage_was_destroyed: false,
            },
        )]));

        // Slot 0x01 is changed, but existing account is destroyed again.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
            existing_account_address,
            TransitionAccount {
                status: AccountStatus::DestroyedAgain,
                info: None,
                previous_status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
                previous_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                // storage change should be ignored
                storage: Some(Cow::Owned(HashMap::default())),
                storage_was_destroyed: true,
            },
        )]));

        // Existing account is re-created and slot 0x02 is changed.
        state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
            existing_account_address,
            TransitionAccount {
                status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
                info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                previous_status: AccountStatus::DestroyedAgain,
                previous_info: None,
                storage: evm_storage([(
                    slot2,
                    EvmStorageSlot::new_changed(
                        StorageValue::ZERO,
                        StorageValue::from(2),
                        TransactionId::ZERO,
                    ),
                )]),
                storage_was_destroyed: false,
            },
        )]));

        state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);

        let bundle_state = state.take_bundle();

        assert_eq!(
            bundle_state.state,
            HashMap::from_iter([(
                existing_account_address,
                BundleAccount {
                    info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                    original_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
                    storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
                        slot2,
                        StorageSlot::new_changed(StorageValue::ZERO, StorageValue::from(2))
                    )]),
                    status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
                }
            )])
        );

        assert_eq!(
            bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(),
            Vec::from([Vec::from([(
                existing_account_address,
                AccountRevert {
                    account: AccountInfoRevert::DoNothing,
                    previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
                    storage: HashMap::from_iter([(slot2, RevertToSlot::Destroyed)]),
                    wipe_storage: true,
                }
            )])])
        )
    }
}