revm_database/states/state.rs
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use super::{
bundle_state::BundleRetention, cache::CacheState, plain_account::PlainStorage, BundleState,
CacheAccount, StateBuilder, TransitionAccount, TransitionState,
};
use bytecode::Bytecode;
use database_interface::{Database, DatabaseCommit, EmptyDB};
use primitives::{hash_map, Address, HashMap, B256, BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY, U256};
use state::{Account, AccountInfo};
use std::{
boxed::Box,
collections::{btree_map, BTreeMap},
vec::Vec,
};
/// Database boxed with a lifetime and Send.
pub type DBBox<'a, E> = Box<dyn Database<Error = E> + Send + 'a>;
/// More constrained version of State that uses Boxed database with a lifetime.
///
/// This is used to make it easier to use State.
pub type StateDBBox<'a, E> = State<DBBox<'a, E>>;
/// State of blockchain.
///
/// State clear flag is set inside CacheState and by default it is enabled.
/// If you want to disable it use `set_state_clear_flag` function.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct State<DB> {
/// Cached state contains both changed from evm execution and cached/loaded account/storages
/// from database. This allows us to have only one layer of cache where we can fetch data.
/// Additionally we can introduce some preloading of data from database.
pub cache: CacheState,
/// Optional database that we use to fetch data from. If database is not present, we will
/// return not existing account and storage.
///
/// Note: It is marked as Send so database can be shared between threads.
pub database: DB,
/// Block state, it aggregates transactions transitions into one state.
///
/// Build reverts and state that gets applied to the state.
pub transition_state: Option<TransitionState>,
/// After block is finishes we merge those changes inside bundle.
/// Bundle is used to update database and create changesets.
/// Bundle state can be set on initialization if we want to use preloaded bundle.
pub bundle_state: BundleState,
/// Addition layer that is going to be used to fetched values before fetching values
/// from database.
///
/// Bundle is the main output of the state execution and this allows setting previous bundle
/// and using its values for execution.
pub use_preloaded_bundle: bool,
/// If EVM asks for block hash we will first check if they are found here.
/// and then ask the database.
///
/// This map can be used to give different values for block hashes if in case
/// The fork block is different or some blocks are not saved inside database.
pub block_hashes: BTreeMap<u64, B256>,
}
// Have ability to call State::builder without having to specify the type.
impl State<EmptyDB> {
/// Return the builder that build the State.
pub fn builder() -> StateBuilder<EmptyDB> {
StateBuilder::default()
}
}
impl<DB: Database> State<DB> {
/// Returns the size hint for the inner bundle state.
/// See [BundleState::size_hint] for more info.
pub fn bundle_size_hint(&self) -> usize {
self.bundle_state.size_hint()
}
/// Iterate over received balances and increment all account balances.
/// If account is not found inside cache state it will be loaded from database.
///
/// Update will create transitions for all accounts that are updated.
///
/// Like [CacheAccount::increment_balance], this assumes that incremented balances are not
/// zero, and will not overflow once incremented. If using this to implement withdrawals, zero
/// balances must be filtered out before calling this function.
pub fn increment_balances(
&mut self,
balances: impl IntoIterator<Item = (Address, u128)>,
) -> Result<(), DB::Error> {
// make transition and update cache state
let mut transitions = Vec::new();
for (address, balance) in balances {
if balance == 0 {
continue;
}
let original_account = self.load_cache_account(address)?;
transitions.push((
address,
original_account
.increment_balance(balance)
.expect("Balance is not zero"),
))
}
// append transition
if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
s.add_transitions(transitions)
}
Ok(())
}
/// Drain balances from given account and return those values.
///
/// It is used for DAO hardfork state change to move values from given accounts.
pub fn drain_balances(
&mut self,
addresses: impl IntoIterator<Item = Address>,
) -> Result<Vec<u128>, DB::Error> {
// make transition and update cache state
let mut transitions = Vec::new();
let mut balances = Vec::new();
for address in addresses {
let original_account = self.load_cache_account(address)?;
let (balance, transition) = original_account.drain_balance();
balances.push(balance);
transitions.push((address, transition))
}
// append transition
if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
s.add_transitions(transitions)
}
Ok(balances)
}
/// State clear EIP-161 is enabled in Spurious Dragon hardfork.
pub fn set_state_clear_flag(&mut self, has_state_clear: bool) {
self.cache.set_state_clear_flag(has_state_clear);
}
pub fn insert_not_existing(&mut self, address: Address) {
self.cache.insert_not_existing(address)
}
pub fn insert_account(&mut self, address: Address, info: AccountInfo) {
self.cache.insert_account(address, info)
}
pub fn insert_account_with_storage(
&mut self,
address: Address,
info: AccountInfo,
storage: PlainStorage,
) {
self.cache
.insert_account_with_storage(address, info, storage)
}
/// Apply evm transitions to transition state.
pub fn apply_transition(&mut self, transitions: Vec<(Address, TransitionAccount)>) {
// add transition to transition state.
if let Some(s) = self.transition_state.as_mut() {
s.add_transitions(transitions)
}
}
/// Take all transitions and merge them inside bundle state.
/// This action will create final post state and all reverts so that
/// we at any time revert state of bundle to the state before transition
/// is applied.
pub fn merge_transitions(&mut self, retention: BundleRetention) {
if let Some(transition_state) = self.transition_state.as_mut().map(TransitionState::take) {
self.bundle_state
.apply_transitions_and_create_reverts(transition_state, retention);
}
}
/// Get a mutable reference to the [`CacheAccount`] for the given address.
/// If the account is not found in the cache, it will be loaded from the
/// database and inserted into the cache.
pub fn load_cache_account(&mut self, address: Address) -> Result<&mut CacheAccount, DB::Error> {
match self.cache.accounts.entry(address) {
hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
if self.use_preloaded_bundle {
// load account from bundle state
if let Some(account) =
self.bundle_state.account(&address).cloned().map(Into::into)
{
return Ok(entry.insert(account));
}
}
// if not found in bundle, load it from database
let info = self.database.basic(address)?;
let account = match info {
None => CacheAccount::new_loaded_not_existing(),
Some(acc) if acc.is_empty() => {
CacheAccount::new_loaded_empty_eip161(HashMap::default())
}
Some(acc) => CacheAccount::new_loaded(acc, HashMap::default()),
};
Ok(entry.insert(account))
}
hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(entry.into_mut()),
}
}
// TODO make cache aware of transitions dropping by having global transition counter.
/// Takes the [`BundleState`] changeset from the [`State`], replacing it
/// with an empty one.
///
/// This will not apply any pending [`TransitionState`]. It is recommended
/// to call [`State::merge_transitions`] before taking the bundle.
///
/// If the `State` has been built with the
/// [`StateBuilder::with_bundle_prestate`] option, the pre-state will be
/// taken along with any changes made by [`State::merge_transitions`].
pub fn take_bundle(&mut self) -> BundleState {
core::mem::take(&mut self.bundle_state)
}
}
impl<DB: Database> Database for State<DB> {
type Error = DB::Error;
fn basic(&mut self, address: Address) -> Result<Option<AccountInfo>, Self::Error> {
self.load_cache_account(address).map(|a| a.account_info())
}
fn code_by_hash(&mut self, code_hash: B256) -> Result<Bytecode, Self::Error> {
let res = match self.cache.contracts.entry(code_hash) {
hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(entry.get().clone()),
hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
if self.use_preloaded_bundle {
if let Some(code) = self.bundle_state.contracts.get(&code_hash) {
entry.insert(code.clone());
return Ok(code.clone());
}
}
// if not found in bundle ask database
let code = self.database.code_by_hash(code_hash)?;
entry.insert(code.clone());
Ok(code)
}
};
res
}
fn storage(&mut self, address: Address, index: U256) -> Result<U256, Self::Error> {
// Account is guaranteed to be loaded.
// Note that storage from bundle is already loaded with account.
if let Some(account) = self.cache.accounts.get_mut(&address) {
// account will always be some, but if it is not, U256::ZERO will be returned.
let is_storage_known = account.status.is_storage_known();
Ok(account
.account
.as_mut()
.map(|account| match account.storage.entry(index) {
hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(*entry.get()),
hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
// if account was destroyed or account is newly built
// we return zero and don't ask database.
let value = if is_storage_known {
U256::ZERO
} else {
self.database.storage(address, index)?
};
entry.insert(value);
Ok(value)
}
})
.transpose()?
.unwrap_or_default())
} else {
unreachable!("For accessing any storage account is guaranteed to be loaded beforehand")
}
}
fn block_hash(&mut self, number: u64) -> Result<B256, Self::Error> {
match self.block_hashes.entry(number) {
btree_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => Ok(*entry.get()),
btree_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
let ret = *entry.insert(self.database.block_hash(number)?);
// prune all hashes that are older then BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY
let last_block = number.saturating_sub(BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY);
while let Some(entry) = self.block_hashes.first_entry() {
if *entry.key() < last_block {
entry.remove();
} else {
break;
}
}
Ok(ret)
}
}
}
}
impl<DB: Database> DatabaseCommit for State<DB> {
fn commit(&mut self, evm_state: HashMap<Address, Account>) {
let transitions = self.cache.apply_evm_state(evm_state);
self.apply_transition(transitions);
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use crate::{
states::{reverts::AccountInfoRevert, StorageSlot},
AccountRevert, AccountStatus, BundleAccount, RevertToSlot,
};
use primitives::keccak256;
#[test]
fn block_hash_cache() {
let mut state = State::builder().build();
state.block_hash(1u64).unwrap();
state.block_hash(2u64).unwrap();
let test_number = BLOCK_HASH_HISTORY + 2;
let block1_hash = keccak256(U256::from(1).to_string().as_bytes());
let block2_hash = keccak256(U256::from(2).to_string().as_bytes());
let block_test_hash = keccak256(U256::from(test_number).to_string().as_bytes());
assert_eq!(
state.block_hashes,
BTreeMap::from([(1, block1_hash), (2, block2_hash)])
);
state.block_hash(test_number).unwrap();
assert_eq!(
state.block_hashes,
BTreeMap::from([(test_number, block_test_hash), (2, block2_hash)])
);
}
/// Checks that if accounts is touched multiple times in the same block,
/// then the old values from the first change are preserved and not overwritten.
///
/// This is important because the state transitions from different transactions in the same block may see
/// different states of the same account as the old value, but the revert should reflect the
/// state of the account before the block.
#[test]
fn reverts_preserve_old_values() {
let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();
let (slot1, slot2, slot3) = (U256::from(1), U256::from(2), U256::from(3));
// Non-existing account for testing account state transitions.
// [LoadedNotExisting] -> [Changed] (nonce: 1, balance: 1) -> [Changed] (nonce: 2) -> [Changed] (nonce: 3)
let new_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
let new_account_created_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
balance: U256::from(1),
..Default::default()
};
let new_account_changed_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 2,
..new_account_created_info.clone()
};
let new_account_changed_info2 = AccountInfo {
nonce: 3,
..new_account_changed_info.clone()
};
// Existing account for testing storage state transitions.
let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x2; 20]);
let existing_account_initial_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
..Default::default()
};
let existing_account_initial_storage = HashMap::<U256, U256>::from_iter([
(slot1, U256::from(100)), // 0x01 => 100
(slot2, U256::from(200)), // 0x02 => 200
]);
let existing_account_changed_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 2,
..existing_account_initial_info.clone()
};
// A transaction in block 1 creates one account and changes an existing one.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
(
new_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
previous_info: None,
..Default::default()
},
),
(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap(),
U256::from(1000),
),
)]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
),
]));
// A transaction in block 1 then changes the same account.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
new_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(new_account_changed_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
previous_info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
..Default::default()
},
)]));
// Another transaction in block 1 then changes the newly created account yet again and modifies the storage in an existing one.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
(
new_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(new_account_changed_info2.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
previous_info: Some(new_account_changed_info),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(1)),
)]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
),
(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_changed_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([
(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::from(100), U256::from(1_000)),
),
(
slot2,
StorageSlot::new_changed(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap(),
U256::from(2_000),
),
),
// Create new slot
(
slot3,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(3_000)),
),
]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
),
]));
state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
let mut bundle_state = state.take_bundle();
// The new account revert should be `DeleteIt` since this was an account creation.
// The existing account revert should be reverted to its previous state.
bundle_state.reverts.sort();
assert_eq!(
bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(),
Vec::from([Vec::from([
(
new_account_address,
AccountRevert {
account: AccountInfoRevert::DeleteIt,
previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(slot1, RevertToSlot::Some(U256::ZERO))]),
wipe_storage: false,
}
),
(
existing_account_address,
AccountRevert {
account: AccountInfoRevert::RevertTo(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([
(
slot1,
RevertToSlot::Some(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap()
)
),
(
slot2,
RevertToSlot::Some(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap()
)
),
(slot3, RevertToSlot::Some(U256::ZERO))
]),
wipe_storage: false,
}
),
])]),
"The account or storage reverts are incorrect"
);
// The latest state of the new account should be: nonce = 3, balance = 1, code & code hash = None.
// Storage: 0x01 = 1.
assert_eq!(
bundle_state.account(&new_account_address),
Some(&BundleAccount {
info: Some(new_account_changed_info2),
original_info: None,
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(1))
)]),
}),
"The latest state of the new account is incorrect"
);
// The latest state of the existing account should be: nonce = 2.
// Storage: 0x01 = 1000, 0x02 = 2000, 0x03 = 3000.
assert_eq!(
bundle_state.account(&existing_account_address),
Some(&BundleAccount {
info: Some(existing_account_changed_info),
original_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info),
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([
(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot1).unwrap(),
U256::from(1_000)
)
),
(
slot2,
StorageSlot::new_changed(
*existing_account_initial_storage.get(&slot2).unwrap(),
U256::from(2_000)
)
),
// Create new slot
(
slot3,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(3_000))
),
]),
}),
"The latest state of the existing account is incorrect"
);
}
/// Checks that the accounts and storages that are changed within the
/// block and reverted to their previous state do not appear in the reverts.
#[test]
fn bundle_scoped_reverts_collapse() {
let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();
// Non-existing account.
let new_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
let new_account_created_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
balance: U256::from(1),
..Default::default()
};
// Existing account.
let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x2; 20]);
let existing_account_initial_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
..Default::default()
};
let existing_account_updated_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
balance: U256::from(1),
..Default::default()
};
// Existing account with storage.
let (slot1, slot2) = (U256::from(1), U256::from(2));
let existing_account_with_storage_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x3; 20]);
let existing_account_with_storage_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
..Default::default()
};
// A transaction in block 1 creates a new account.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
(
new_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
info: Some(new_account_created_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::LoadedNotExisting,
previous_info: None,
..Default::default()
},
),
(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Changed,
info: Some(existing_account_updated_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_initial_info.clone()),
..Default::default()
},
),
(
existing_account_with_storage_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Changed,
info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([
(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::from(1), U256::from(10)),
),
(slot2, StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(20))),
]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
),
]));
// Another transaction in block 1 destroys new account.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([
(
new_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
info: None,
previous_status: AccountStatus::InMemoryChange,
previous_info: Some(new_account_created_info),
..Default::default()
},
),
(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Changed,
info: Some(existing_account_initial_info),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Changed,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_updated_info),
..Default::default()
},
),
(
existing_account_with_storage_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Changed,
info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Changed,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_with_storage_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([
(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::from(10), U256::from(1)),
),
(slot2, StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::from(20), U256::ZERO)),
]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
),
]));
state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
let mut bundle_state = state.take_bundle();
bundle_state.reverts.sort();
// both account info and storage are left as before transitions,
// therefore there is nothing to revert
assert_eq!(bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(), Vec::from([Vec::from([])]));
}
/// Checks that the behavior of selfdestruct within the block is correct.
#[test]
fn selfdestruct_state_and_reverts() {
let mut state = State::builder().with_bundle_update().build();
// Existing account.
let existing_account_address = Address::from_slice(&[0x1; 20]);
let existing_account_info = AccountInfo {
nonce: 1,
..Default::default()
};
let (slot1, slot2) = (U256::from(1), U256::from(2));
// Existing account is destroyed.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
info: None,
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::default(),
storage_was_destroyed: true,
},
)]));
// Existing account is re-created and slot 0x01 is changed.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::Destroyed,
previous_info: None,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot1,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(1)),
)]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
)]));
// Slot 0x01 is changed, but existing account is destroyed again.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::DestroyedAgain,
info: None,
previous_status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
previous_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
// storage change should be ignored
storage: HashMap::default(),
storage_was_destroyed: true,
},
)]));
// Existing account is re-created and slot 0x02 is changed.
state.apply_transition(Vec::from([(
existing_account_address,
TransitionAccount {
status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
previous_status: AccountStatus::DestroyedAgain,
previous_info: None,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot2,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(2)),
)]),
storage_was_destroyed: false,
},
)]));
state.merge_transitions(BundleRetention::Reverts);
let bundle_state = state.take_bundle();
assert_eq!(
bundle_state.state,
HashMap::from_iter([(
existing_account_address,
BundleAccount {
info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
original_info: Some(existing_account_info.clone()),
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(
slot2,
StorageSlot::new_changed(U256::ZERO, U256::from(2))
)]),
status: AccountStatus::DestroyedChanged,
}
)])
);
assert_eq!(
bundle_state.reverts.as_ref(),
Vec::from([Vec::from([(
existing_account_address,
AccountRevert {
account: AccountInfoRevert::DoNothing,
previous_status: AccountStatus::Loaded,
storage: HashMap::from_iter([(slot2, RevertToSlot::Destroyed)]),
wipe_storage: true,
}
)])])
)
}
}